
,7 min
What are crypto mixers? A 2025 guide to Bitcoin tumblers and blockchain privacy
Read more
This guide compares eight widely used cross-chain bridge options in 2026: Across, Relay, deBridge, Stargate, Portal, Symbiosis, Circle CCTP, and native rollup bridges such as those for Arbitrum and OP Mainnet. They use different transfer and verification models, with differences in supported networks, fees, transfer times, and the type of asset received.
The comparison focuses on how each bridge works rather than ranking them from best to worst. If you're new to cross-chain transfers, start with our guide to what a cross-chain bridge is.
Quick answer: Crypto bridges use different models to move assets or value between blockchains. Across, Relay, and deBridge use relayers or solvers to fill cross-chain orders; Stargate uses cross-chain liquidity; Portal uses Wormhole messaging; Circle CCTP burns and mints native USDC and other supported assets; and canonical rollup bridges rely on the rollup's own settlement system. Compare the asset you receive, verification model, total cost, supported route, and transfer time rather than network count alone.
The order below groups bridges by transfer model. It is a presentation choice, not a ranking. Figures are as of September 2026 and exclude network gas unless stated.
Bridge | Transfer model | Supported networks | Protocol fee | Typical completion time | Who verifies the transfer | Asset you receive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Across | Intents filled by relayers | 24 mainnet chains | Route-specific quote, no single percentage | About 2 seconds for most transfers | UMA's Optimistic Oracle | The output token you specify, an equivalent token by default |
Relay | Intents filled by relayers | 85+ chains | 0.00% platform fee on token bridging, plus a $0.02 flat execution fee and destination gas | Median fill under 3 seconds | Relay's oracle attests to the deposit and the fill | The output token specified in the route |
deBridge | Solver-filled orders, no pooled liquidity | 25+ blockchains, including Solana, Ethereum, TRON, BNB Chain, Base, Arbitrum, and HyperEVM | 4 basis points (bps) plus a flat fee in the source chain's native token | Typically a few seconds | deBridge validators | The destination token specified in the order |
Stargate | Unified liquidity pools on LayerZero | Varies by asset and route | Route-dependent: up to 2 bps on OFT transfers, capped at $250, and 6 bps on the legacy pool schedule | Taxi: route-dependent. Bus: batched, potentially longer | LayerZero Decentralized Verifier Networks (DVNs) configured for the route | The same asset you sent |
Portal (Wormhole) | Lock-and-mint messaging, Native Token Transfers (NTT) on some routes | 39 blockchains listed by Wormhole | No protocol fee on core messaging. Network gas and any relayer or execution fees vary by route | About 20 seconds to 15 minutes, depending on the route | 13 of 19 Guardians | Wrapped token on Token Bridge routes, native token on NTT routes |
Symbiosis | Cross-chain swaps, routed through its S-chain in some flows | 59 blockchains, including Bitcoin, TON, TRON, and Solana | Route-dependent gas and cross-chain fees, shown in the quote | Route-dependent, estimated in the quote | Multi-party computation (MPC) group of up to 15 relayers, plus a Veto Group | The destination token you select. A transit token may arrive if the final swap cannot execute |
Circle CCTP | Burn-and-mint | 27 mainnet blockchains on CCTP V2 | Standard: none. Fast: 0–13 bps | Standard: about 13–19 minutes on most chains. Fast: 8–20 seconds | Circle attestation | Native USDC |
Native rollup bridges | Canonical | One rollup and Ethereum each | Varies by rollup, plus Ethereum gas on the Layer 1 side | Deposits: much faster than withdrawals. Withdrawals: about 7 days | The rollup's own proof system, settled on Ethereum | Canonical asset |
A crypto bridge moves assets or value between blockchains that do not share the same ledger. The exact mechanism depends on the bridge.
Some bridges lock tokens on one chain and issue a wrapped representation on another. Others burn tokens on the source chain and mint native tokens on the destination chain, use liquidity providers or solvers to fill transfers, or rely on a rollup's canonical settlement system.
These models have different trust assumptions, fees, transfer times, and asset outcomes. Before using a bridge, check who verifies the transfer and whether you will receive a native, canonical, wrapped, or different token on the destination chain.
Bridge type | How it works | Examples in this comparison | Typical asset outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
Intent-based | Relayers or solvers fill the requested transfer using their own liquidity | Across, Relay, deBridge | Same or different token |
Liquidity-based | Liquidity on supported chains facilitates cross-chain transfers | Stargate | Usually same asset |
Lock-and-mint / messaging | Asset is locked and a representation is issued on another chain | Portal / Wormhole Token Bridge | Wrapped token |
Burn-and-mint | Source tokens are burned and native tokens are minted on the destination chain | Circle CCTP | Native supported asset |
Canonical rollup | Uses the rollup's native Ethereum settlement mechanism | Arbitrum, Base, OP Mainnet bridges | Canonical asset |
Cross-chain swap | Combines cross-chain messaging/routing with token exchange | Symbiosis, some Relay/deBridge routes | Different destination token |
We did not test these bridges ourselves. Every figure comes from official documentation or a named publication. A bridge had to meet all of these criteria:
Across is an intent-based bridge. You state what you want to receive, and a relayer delivers it on the destination chain from its own capital. The relayer is reimbursed after the transfer is verified through UMA's Optimistic Oracle.
Trade-off: the project is in transition. A March 2026 proposal to replace Across's token-governed structure with a U.S. C-corporation passed a Snapshot vote. The token exchange portal closes on January 8, 2027, after which ACX will be deprecated. On July 17, 2026, an attacker forged Solana deposit events through a bug in Risk Labs' off-chain relayer software. The relayer filled 581 fraudulent requests with about $4.5 million of its own capital. Across states that no smart contract was exploited and no user funds were lost.
Who it's for: people who move funds often between Ethereum and Layer 2 (L2) networks.
Who it's not for: people bridging less common tokens. Across V4 supports ERC-20 tokens at the protocol level, but a relayer still has to fill the route.
Relay is an intent-based bridge. Relayers, also called solvers, fill transfers from their own capital.
Trade-off: execution depends on Relay's relayer infrastructure and on available liquidity for your route. When the token changes, decentralized exchange (DEX) fees, price impact, and solver rebalancing costs also apply.
Who it's for: people making small, frequent transfers to a chain where they hold no gas token yet.
Who it's not for: people moving large amounts who prefer settlement through canonical rollup infrastructure.
deBridge runs the deBridge Liquidity Network (DLN). You place an order, and a solver fills it on the destination chain. DLN holds no central liquidity pool, a design the team calls 0-TVL (total value locked).
Trade-off: Because DLN does not rely on a shared liquidity pool, an order still requires a solver willing to fill it. The deBridge documentation says an order that pays too little can stay unfilled.
Who it's for: people who want to change both token and chain in one order, including between Solana and Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) networks.
Who it's not for: people moving very small amounts, where the flat fee takes a larger share.
Stargate moves assets between unified liquidity pools and uses LayerZero for messaging. Stargate V2 supports same-asset transfers only: USDC on Ethereum can only become USDC on another chain.
Trade-off: beyond the same-asset limit, Stargate's messages travel over LayerZero, where the security configuration determines which Decentralized Verifier Networks (DVNs) verify each route. In April 2026, KelpDAO's LayerZero bridge was exploited through compromised off-chain infrastructure that fed a single-verifier (1-of-1) DVN setup. Chainalysis reports that the attack did not target KelpDAO's or LayerZero's contracts. It was not an exploit of Stargate.
Who it's for: people moving stablecoins or ETH as the same asset.
Who it's not for: people who need a different token on the destination chain.
Portal is the token bridge interface built on Wormhole, a cross-chain messaging protocol.
The incident affected Wormhole's Solana-side implementation in 2022 and should be treated as historical incident context rather than a description of the current protocol architecture.
Trade-off: Token Bridge routes lock your asset on the source chain and mint a wrapped token on the destination chain. Your destination app may not accept that wrapped token. Wormhole's Native Token Transfers (NTT) use a different asset model, so check each route.
Who it's for: people moving assets between Solana or other non-EVM chains and EVM networks.
Who it's not for: people who need native USDC. CCTP covers that case.
Symbiosis combines bridging and swaps in one interface. A peer-to-peer relayer network signs cross-chain operations using multi-party computation (MPC).
Trade-off: some routes pass through Symbiosis's own S-chain, with sTokens as an intermediate step. If the final swap cannot execute, you may receive the transit token instead of the token you selected.
Who it's for: people whose route includes a non-EVM network such as Bitcoin, TON, or TRON.
Who it's not for: people making simple L2-to-L2 transfers.
Circle's Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP) burns USDC on the source chain and mints native USDC on the destination chain. There is no wrapped token and no liquidity pool. CCTP is infrastructure, so you reach it through apps. Across, for example, uses CCTP as a fallback route.
Trade-off: CCTP's native burn-and-mint transfers currently cover Circle-issued assets such as USDC, EURC, and cirBTC. Circle is also a centralized issuer that can freeze USDC at specific addresses under its USDC terms.
Who it's for: people moving USDC who want the native token on arrival.
Who it's not for: people who need to bridge assets that CCTP does not currently support.
A native, or canonical, bridge is the one a rollup team operates between Ethereum and its own chain. It relies on the rollup's own proof system instead of a third-party bridge's relayers, guardians, or pools.
Trade-off: the withdrawal wait. You also still depend on the security assumptions of the rollup and its Ethereum settlement system.
Who it's for: people moving larger amounts who prefer canonical rollup infrastructure and can wait a week to withdraw.
Who it's not for: people who need funds the same day, or who move between two rollups, which usually means withdrawing to Ethereum first.
A bridge moves the same asset between chains. If you want a different coin on another network, such as ETH on Ethereum to SOL on Solana, a swap through an exchange provider is a separate route. SwapSpace is a non-custodial cryptocurrency exchange aggregator that lets you compare such offers from dozens of providers. You do not need to connect your wallet to SwapSpace or bridge the asset manually.
SwapSpace does not add its own markup to the rates shown; provider and network costs are reflected in the available offers. No registration is required, but a provider may request additional verification depending on the transaction or your jurisdiction. Each offer shows a Know Your Customer (KYC) likelihood indicator.
There is no single best crypto bridge for every route. Compare whether the bridge supports your source and destination chains, which asset arrives, total fees, transfer time, verification model, and failure/refund process. Across and Relay use intent-based transfers, CCTP specializes in native supported Circle assets, Portal covers many non-EVM routes, and canonical bridges connect Ethereum with their respective rollups.
Every bridge carries risk. Bridge hacks have taken more than $2.8 billion, almost 40% of the total value hacked in Web3, according to Chainlink, citing DefiLlama. In April 2026, attackers stole about $292 million from KelpDAO's LayerZero bridge. Audits reduce smart-contract risk but cannot remove it, so check the verification model and send a test transfer first.
Costs come in layers: a protocol fee, gas on both chains, and slippage if the token changes. deBridge charges four bps plus a flat fee, Stargate charges up to two bps on OFT transfers, and CCTP Standard Transfer has no protocol fee. Always compare the final amount you will receive.
Yes, but the fee structure varies. A bridge transfer can include a protocol fee, source- and destination-chain gas, relayer or solver costs, and slippage when the destination token differs. Some protocols charge no explicit bridge fee but still require network or execution costs.
Not always. Some bridges or relayers can include destination gas in the transfer, while others require you to already hold the destination chain's native gas token. Check the quote and destination-gas options before confirming the transfer.
Across fills most transfers in about two seconds, and CCTP Fast Transfer takes 8–20 seconds. CCTP Standard Transfer takes about 13–19 minutes on most chains. Standard withdrawals through the native bridges of OP Mainnet, Arbitrum, and Base take about seven days because of the challenge period.
A bridge moves an asset from one blockchain to another, and you usually receive the same asset or a wrapped version of it. A cross-chain swap changes the asset as well, for example BTC to SOL. Some bridges combine both steps, and exchange providers also offer cross-chain swaps through a deposit address.
It depends on the route. CCTP mints native USDC. Stargate delivers the same asset you sent. Portal's Token Bridge routes mint a wrapped token with its own contract address. Before you confirm, compare the destination token's contract address with the one your destination app supports.
Save your transaction hash and check the bridge's official tracker or support channel. On intent-based bridges such as Across, a deposit that passes its fill deadline unfilled becomes eligible for a refund. Across says refunds are processed after the deposit expires and may take several hours.
Native BTC cannot simply be moved onto Ethereum or Solana as native Bitcoin because those networks use different ledgers. A cross-chain service may instead issue or deliver a tokenized representation of BTC, or swap native BTC for another asset on the destination chain.
Disclaimer
This article is provided for informational purposes only and reflects information available at the time of writing. Platform features, fees, supported assets, and policies may change. SwapSpace does not guarantee the accuracy of third-party information, including data about the bridges listed in this article. This content does not constitute financial, investment, or legal advice. Crypto assets are highly volatile and trading involves risk. Always conduct your own research before using any platform or making financial decisions.
Mention of specific third-party software (e.g., the bridges and wallets named above) does not constitute an endorsement or guarantee of their security by SwapSpace. Users download and use these software/hardware solutions at their own risk. Always conduct your own research (DYOR) and use official sources.
Share:
Join our newsletter — stay informed, stay empowered.

Would you like some cookies?
We use our own cookies as well as third-party cookies on our website to enhance your experience, analyze our traffic, and for security and marketing purposes. Select “Accept All” to allow them to be used.
Cookie PolicyBuy crypto with fiat


USD/ETH
0.000366


USD/BTC
0.000012


EUR/BTC
0.000013